Amilcar Cabral: Theory of Revolution and Background to His Assassination

on translation of politeness strategies in dialogues involving female characters in translations and retranslations of novels translated before and after the islamic revolution of iran and their effects on the image of women: a polysystem theory approach

abstract reception environment has considerable effects on accepting a translation. as the expectations of a target culture and its values and needs change throughout history, its criteria for accepting a translation or rejecting it will change accordingly (gentzler, 2001). the expectations of iran, as the reception environment in the present study, have changed after the islamic revolution. i...

Chaucer and His Literary Background

Chaucer and His Literary Background

Performance on this year’s Chaucer exam was, on the whole, excellent. The majority of students showed an admirable knowledge of both Chaucer’s own writings and the texts that informed these. The understanding of both was, for the most part, impressive – in some cases very impressive indeed. A sizeable number of candidates had ventured widely – sometimes very widely – in their reading, and were ...

Chaucer and His Literary Background

the effects of previewing and providing background knowledge on iranian university efl learners’ comprehension of literary and academic texts

abstract poor reading comprehension can result in failure in using references, benefiting from professional gatherings and resources, keeping up with the growing body of knowledge in the virtual world of the internet, and failing to achieve in efl programs. the purpose of the present quasi-experimental study was to explore the effects of background knowledge and previewing narrative and expos...